Sufyana Musiqi - The Classical Music of Kashmir
Pacholczyk, Jozef
(Intercultural Music Studies Vol.: 9)
- 1996
- 261 p.
- Book and Compact Disc
- 7 illustrations, 18 tab., 219 musical examples, index, bibliography, appendices
- Hc
- 13,5 x
- (UVP): EUR 38,00
- ISBN 3-86135-640-6
"Sufyana musiqi" (Sufi music) is the vocal ensemble music of the urban elite of Kashmir, a part of Jammu and Kashmir, the nothernmost province of India. It functions principally as a religious music, being connected with the rituals of the Sufis (Muslim mystics) and as an elite entertainment music performed in a secular context. Sufyana reflects the cultural position of Kashmir as a meeting point between the Persian-dominated culture of Central Asia and India.
Through the description and analysis of the practice, repertory, context, and theory, the book documents this now quickly disappearing tradition. It contains an analytical catalog of forty-seven maqam suites in use in the 1970s and 1980s.
Contents
Introduction
Acknowledgments
Transliteration
Musical Notation
Part 2 The Tradition of sufyana
Chapter 1 Music in the History of Kashmir
Hindu Period (3rd Century B.C. to 14th Century A.D.)
Islamic Period (14th Century A.D. Until Present)
Chapter 2 Performance
Text
Musicians
Instruments
Santur
Setar
Saz-e-kashmiri
Dokra
Context
Present Condition
Chapter 3 Repertory
Early Repertory
Present Repertory
Chapter 4 Maqam as Suite
Chapter 5 Maqam as Mode: Tonal System
Tonal Material
Hierarchy of Degrees
System Tonic
Modal Tonic
Deemphasized Degrees
Emphasized Degrees
Chapter 6 Maqam as Mode: The Melodic Modules
Types of Modules
Variants of Modules
Verification of the Analyses
Conclusions
Chapter 7 Song Structure
Chapter 8 Early Theory
"Karamat-e-Majra"
"Tarana-e-Sorur"
Chapter 9 Contemporary Theory
Epilog
Part II Catalog of Maqam-s
- 'Araq
- Asavari (navroz-e-khara)
- 'Ashiran
- Bahar ('ushshaq)
- Bayate
- Behag (bihag, hijaz)
- Behbas
- Bhairavi
(bharvi)
- Bilaval
- Buzurg
- Chargah (chahargah)
- Dhanasri
- Divgandhar (kanada)
- Gabri (hisar)
- Husayni
(zarkash)
- Jangla
(mukhalif)
- Jazvanti
- Jinjoti
(manj, majiri)
- Kanada (divgandhar)
- Khamanch (khamanche, khamanch, kamanche, kamanj, asfahan, isfahan, safahan)
- Kochak (kalyan)
- Kuhi (mubaraqa')
- Lalit
- Malhar (nihuft, mallar)
- Nat kalyan (avj)
- Nava
- Navroz-e-'ajam
- Navroz-e-'arab
- Nayriz
- Panjgah (rast-e-farsi)
- Paraj (nayriz-e-kabir)
- Purbi
(zalab)
- Rahavi
(bastanegar)
- Ramkali
- Rast (rast-e-kashmiri)
- Saba
(navroz-e-saba)
- Sarang
- Segah
- Sendhuri
- Shahnaz (zengola)
- Suhani (nishaporak)
- Tilang (mahur)
- Todi
(buzurg)
- Udasi
(maghlub)
- 'Uzzal ('uzzal-e-farsi)
- Zaval (pahlavi, pahalvi)
Appendix 1 List of Principal Sufyana Musicians 1970-1990
Srinagar
Bij Bihara
Watora
Appendix 2 List of Manuscripts
Abbreviations
List
Appendix 3 Notes for the Accompanying Compact Disc
Notes
Bibliography
Index