Sufyana Musiqi - The Classical Music of Kashmir

Pacholczyk, Jozef

(Intercultural Music Studies Vol.: 9)


"Sufyana musiqi" (Sufi music) is the vocal ensemble music of the urban elite of Kashmir, a part of Jammu and Kashmir, the nothernmost province of India. It functions principally as a religious music, being connected with the rituals of the Sufis (Muslim mystics) and as an elite entertainment music performed in a secular context. Sufyana reflects the cultural position of Kashmir as a meeting point between the Persian-dominated culture of Central Asia and India.
Through the description and analysis of the practice, repertory, context, and theory, the book documents this now quickly disappearing tradition. It contains an analytical catalog of forty-seven maqam suites in use in the 1970s and 1980s.


Contents

Introduction Acknowledgments Transliteration Musical Notation Part 2 The Tradition of sufyana Chapter 1 Music in the History of Kashmir Hindu Period (3rd Century B.C. to 14th Century A.D.)
Islamic Period (14th Century A.D. Until Present)
Chapter 2 Performance Text
Musicians
Instruments Santur
Setar
Saz-e-kashmiri
Dokra
Context
Present Condition
Chapter 3 Repertory Early Repertory
Present Repertory
Chapter 4 Maqam as Suite

Chapter 5 Maqam as Mode: Tonal System Tonal Material
Hierarchy of Degrees System Tonic
Modal Tonic
Deemphasized Degrees
Emphasized Degrees
Chapter 6 Maqam as Mode: The Melodic Modules Types of Modules
Variants of Modules
Verification of the Analyses
Conclusions
Chapter 7 Song Structure
Chapter 8 Early Theory "Karamat-e-Majra"
"Tarana-e-Sorur"
Chapter 9 Contemporary Theory
Epilog
Part II Catalog of Maqam-s
  1. 'Araq
  2. Asavari (navroz-e-khara)
  3. 'Ashiran
  4. Bahar ('ushshaq)
  5. Bayate
  6. Behag (bihag, hijaz)
  7. Behbas
  8. Bhairavi (bharvi)
  9. Bilaval
  10. Buzurg
  11. Chargah (chahargah)
  12. Dhanasri
  13. Divgandhar (kanada)
  14. Gabri (hisar)
  15. Husayni (zarkash)
  16. Jangla (mukhalif)
  17. Jazvanti
  18. Jinjoti (manj, majiri)
  19. Kanada (divgandhar)
  20. Khamanch (khamanche, khamanch, kamanche, kamanj, asfahan, isfahan, safahan)
  21. Kochak (kalyan)
  22. Kuhi (mubaraqa')
  23. Lalit
  24. Malhar (nihuft, mallar)
  25. Nat kalyan (avj)
  26. Nava
  27. Navroz-e-'ajam
  28. Navroz-e-'arab
  29. Nayriz
  30. Panjgah (rast-e-farsi)
  31. Paraj (nayriz-e-kabir)
  32. Purbi (zalab)
  33. Rahavi (bastanegar)
  34. Ramkali
  35. Rast (rast-e-kashmiri)
  36. Saba (navroz-e-saba)
  37. Sarang
  38. Segah
  39. Sendhuri
  40. Shahnaz (zengola)
  41. Suhani (nishaporak)
  42. Tilang (mahur)
  43. Todi (buzurg)
  44. Udasi (maghlub)
  45. 'Uzzal ('uzzal-e-farsi)
  46. Zaval (pahlavi, pahalvi)
Appendix 1 List of Principal Sufyana Musicians 1970-1990
Srinagar
Bij Bihara
Watora
Appendix 2 List of Manuscripts Abbreviations
List
Appendix 3 Notes for the Accompanying Compact Disc
Notes
Bibliography
Index



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